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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">STR-Analyse</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Die <b>STR-Analyse</b> ist eine Methode der <a href="DNA-Analyse" title="DNA-Analyse">DNA-Analyse</a> zur Bestimmung von <i><a href="Short_Tandem_Repeat" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Tandem Repeat">Short Tandem Repeats</a></i>. Ihr Anwendungsgebiet findet die STR-Methode als <b>STR-Profilanalyse</b> in der Kriminalistik, der Rechtsmedizin und bei Vaterschaftsnachweisen. Zudem wird diese Methode in der biomedizinischen Forschung zur Authentifizierung von humanen (Mensch) und murinen (Maus) <a href="Zelllinie" title="Zelllinie">Zelllinien</a> eingesetzt.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>Bei der STR-Analyse wird die Anzahl an <i>short tandem repeats</i> auf mehreren <a href="Chromosom" title="Chromosom">Chromosomen</a> durch eine <a href="DNA-Extraktion" title="DNA-Extraktion">DNA-Extraktion</a> mit einer anschließenden <a href="Polymerase-Kettenreaktion" title="Polymerase-Kettenreaktion">Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR)</a> bestimmt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> STR sind <a href="Mikrosatellit" title="Mikrosatellit">Mikrosatelliten</a> mit einer Länge zwischen zwei und dreizehn <a href="Nukleotid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleotid">Nukleotiden</a>, die im <a href="Genom" title="Genom">Genom</a> hundertfach in Serie auf jedem Chromosom vorkommen. Bei einem <a href="Abstammungsgutachten" title="Abstammungsgutachten">Abstammungsgutachten</a> per STR-Analyse werden zwei verschiedene Proben verglichen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nach der PCR werden die <a href="Amplifikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Amplifikat">Amplifikate</a> meistens per <a href="Agarose-Gelelektrophorese" title="Agarose-Gelelektrophorese">Agarose-Gelelektrophorese</a> oder <a href="Kapillarelektrophorese" title="Kapillarelektrophorese">Kapillarelektrophorese</a> getrennt und nachgewiesen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eine Analyse mittels Mikrofluidik-basierter Systeme ist in bestimmten Fällen ebenfalls möglich.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eine STR-Analyse kann auch ohne DNA-Extraktion durchgeführt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In der biomedizinischen Forschung können zur Authentifizierung von etablierten Zelllinien selbstgenerierte STR-Profile mit Datenbanken, wie z. B. CLASTR<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder STRBase<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> abgeglichen werden.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Yingfen Hong, Nikita Singh, Stefanos Bamopoulos, Enio Gjerga, Laura K. Schmalbrock: <cite style="font-style:italic">Authentication of Primary Murine Cell Lines by a Microfluidics-Based Lab-On-Chip System</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biomedicines</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>8</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>12</span>, 9. Dezember 2020, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%222227-9059%22&key=cql">2227-9059</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120590">10.3390/biomedicines8120590</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33317212?dopt=Abstract">PMID 33317212</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7763653/">PMC 7763653</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:STR-Analyse&rft.atitle=Authentication+of+Primary+Murine+Cell+Lines+by+a+Microfluidics-Based+Lab-On-Chip+System&rft.au=Yingfen+Hong%2C+Nikita+Singh%2C+Stefanos+Bamopoulos%2C+...&rft.date=2020-12-09&rft.doi=10.3390%2Fbiomedicines8120590&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=2227-9059&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Biomedicines&rft.pmc=7763653&rft.pmid=33317212&rft.volume=8" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Ambers, H. Gill-King, D. Dirkmaat, R. Benjamin, J. King, B. Budowle: <i>Autosomal and Y-STR analysis of degraded DNA from the 120-year-old skeletal remains of Ezekiel Harper.</i> In: <i>Forensic science international. Genetics.</i> Band 9, März 2014, S. 33–41, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221878-0326%22&key=cql">1878-0326</a></span></span>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.10.014">10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.10.014</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24528577?dopt=Abstract">PMID 24528577</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Hohoff, B. Brinkmann: <i>Human identity testing with PCR-based systems.</i> In: <i>Molecular biotechnology.</i> Band 13, Nummer 2, Dezember 1999, S. 123–136, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221073-6085%22&key=cql">1073-6085</a></span></span>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1385/MB%3A13%3A2%3A123">10.1385/MB:13:2:123</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10934527?dopt=Abstract">PMID 10934527</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. M. Butler, E. Buel, F. Crivellente, B. R. McCord: <i>Forensic DNA typing by capillary electrophoresis using the ABI Prism 310 and 3100 genetic analyzers for STR analysis.</i> In: <i>Electrophoresis.</i> Band 25, Nummer 10–11, Juni 2004, S. 1397–1412, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220173-0835%22&key=cql">0173-0835</a></span></span>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.200305822">10.1002/elps.200305822</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15188225?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15188225</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. E. Sim, S. J. Park, H. C. Lee, S. Y. Kim, J. Y. Kim, S. H. Lee: <i>High-throughput STR analysis for DNA database using direct PCR.</i> In: <i>Journal of forensic sciences.</i> Band 58, Nummer 4, Juli 2013, S. 989–992, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221556-4029%22&key=cql">1556-4029</a></span></span>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12166">10.1111/1556-4029.12166</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23683293?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23683293</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus-str-search/">CLASTR 1.4.4</a>, auf web.expasy.org</span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://strbase.nist.gov/">Short Tandem Repeat DNA Internet DataBase</a>, auf strbase.nist.gov</span>
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